Pollice Verso
Pollice Verso
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Pollice Verso (1872)
Artist: Jean-Léon Gérôme
Medium: Oil on canvas
Location: Phoenix Art Museum, Arizona
Jean-Léon Gérôme’s Pollice Verso ("Thumbs Down") presents a highly dramatized vision of ancient Roman gladiatorial combat. A victorious gladiator stands poised over his defeated opponent, awaiting the crowd’s judgment—guided by the vestal virgins' decisive thumbs-down gesture. Rich in archaeological detail and theatrical composition, the painting reflects 19th-century academic realism and the era’s fascination with antiquity. Its dramatic moral spectacle and cinematic scale had a lasting influence, notably shaping modern pop culture’s imagery of gladiators, including Ridley Scott’s Gladiator (2000).






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